These are the steps to follow on MacOS: Make sure internet sharing is enabled and your Mac will act as a gateway (This is probably only interesting for Host connection sharing). Open the Sharing panel. Check the Internet Sharing checkbox. Go to Settings again. Open the Network panel. Similarly, even though the new Apple iPhone readily connects to the Internet over Wi-Fi and runs a version of the Mac OS X operating system, as of this writing it appears likely to be restricted to running only programs the company authorizes.
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Click to Expand. 1 Open Smart Switch on your PC or Mac. 2 Connect your smartphone to your PC with a USB cable. You will need to use a cable that can support data transfers. Please note: if your device is not recognised, select MORE in the top right of the screen then select Reinstall device driver.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards | 16 comments | Create New Account
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Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
as you mentioned - it is not importet whicht key you are pressing - really important is where you locate the key on the keyboard.
examples form my apple experience told me this.
so if I switch my language settings from german (standard language) to english there are no umlaut on the english keyboard layout and on these positions there are other keys.
but this is no problem - every application shortcuts will work in the same way or shoult I say - same position.
so - don't remember the shortcut letters - remember the location of the keys and every shortcut will be the same on every apple and every keyboard layout ;)
thats what I learned after 6 month apple using.
examples form my apple experience told me this.
so if I switch my language settings from german (standard language) to english there are no umlaut on the english keyboard layout and on these positions there are other keys.
but this is no problem - every application shortcuts will work in the same way or shoult I say - same position.
so - don't remember the shortcut letters - remember the location of the keys and every shortcut will be the same on every apple and every keyboard layout ;)
thats what I learned after 6 month apple using.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Yep, the command-tab switcher is looking for the key positions, not the key characters themselves. This is a long standing bug since even back before the Command-Tab switcher, when the Dock handled Command-Tab. It's never taken into account keyboard layouts -- I personally use the Dvorak layout, and I press '' to quit applications and 'd' to hide them. Annoying.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Faut être pas très fut-fut pour ne pas savoir que le Q sur un clavier Qwerty est à la même place que A sur un clavier Azerty..
You don't have to be very smart to know that the Q on a Qwerty keyboard is where the A sits on a Azerty keyboard..
You don't have to be very smart to know that the Q on a Qwerty keyboard is where the A sits on a Azerty keyboard..
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Well, maybe for the letter 'Q' (since the letters 'QWERTY' are at the same position as the letters 'AZERTY' on a French keyboard) but what about other shortcuts? Like the letter 'H'? How one should know where the letter 'H' is on a French keyboard when using a US keyboard (of French-Canadian for that matter)?
Il ne faut jamais rien tenir pour acquis.
Il ne faut jamais rien tenir pour acquis.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Command-~ (rotate window) also suffer from this bug. You have to know the ~ position on your keyboard when it is an american keyboard.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Does anyone know of a resource on the web where one can find pictures of the different key layouts? This would be a tremendous help when trying to resolve these confusing keyboard commands. Every once in a while you download some foreign software and wish you knew where the plus key is on a German keyboard.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Maybe you can use the keyboard viewer. If you switch keyboard layouts in the international prefpanes you can see the different layouts. Maybe is this a solution to you're problem?
Sjmielh
Sjmielh
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
'GIYF' (or 'GETA' as we French say) :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keyboard_layout
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
That is a problem that exists for a long time (and not only for the french). The single user mode is also qwerty-only. And as mentioned, command-~ doesn't work either. But you can change that in the system preference -> keyboard -> Move focus to the active window or next window
Sjmielh
Sjmielh
Chiquito Gotchi Mac Os Update
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
To go on about the subject. With Azerty-keyboard it isn't possible to use in a program the command-3 or command-4 shortcut, because we take screenshots then :-) In OmniOutliner to name one program, I can't show and hide the inspector 'column type' or document because I take screenshots if I use the keyboard (the ' and 3 are on the same key on azerty-keyboards). This is also a longstanding issue in OS X
Sjmielh
Sjmielh
Usually, you can use command-3 (or any digit) if you use the numeric keypad. It works for QuickTime Player, for example, to resize the video window.
Use Command-tab features on non-English keyboards
Command-~ (rotate window) also suffer from this bug. You have to know the ~ position on your keyboard when it is an american keyboard.On a German keyboard this is Cmd->. Cmd-^, which would be the equivalent on a US keyboard, doesn't seem to do anything.
On [link:], 'Keyboard viewer' could help you (I haven't tested it).
On , 'Keyboard viewer' could help you (I haven't tested it).
On http://www.macs.hw.ac.uk/~rpointon/osx/, 'Keyboard viewer' could help you (I haven't tested it).
Once you’ve written the image file onto the SD card, there’re a few steps you’ll have to follow in order to configure your new Pwnagotchi properly.
PLEASE NOTE:As we migraded from yaml to toml Ghost on the shore mac os. as our configuration language, you probably want to have a look at the toml reference. If you update from an old pwnagotchi version, your old configuration will be loaded and automatically saved in the new toml format. The old configuration won't be deleted, but not be used anymore. In the future yaml-support will be completly dropped.
Initial Configuration
For the initial configuration, the easiest way is creating a new
config.toml
file of the boot
partition of the SD card.This partition should be easily accessible from your computer regardless of your operating system as it is a simple FAT32.In this process you might define your unit’s name, which network to whitelist and the type of display you use. The followingis the example configuration for a unit with a Waveshare V2 display, for more detailed configuration instructions refer to thesections below.
The software will install this file to
/etc/pwnagotchi/config.toml
(and it will remove it from the SD card) during boot.After the first boot, you can open the
/etc/pwnagotchi/config.toml
file (either via SSH or by directly editing the SD card’s contents from a computer with a card reader) to override the default configuration with your custom values.Restoring a Backup
![Tamagotchi Tamagotchi](https://www.tonymacx86.com/images/tonymacx86-logo.png)
If you want to restore a backup instead, you can copy the contents of the
/etc/pwnagotchi
backupped folder in the FAT32 boot partition as /boot/pwnagotchi
.This way the whole folder containing the configuration and the RSA keypair will be moved to /etc/pwnagotchi
during boot. Restoring this folder this way will allow the unit to boot without the need to generate a new RSA keypair, an operation that takes time and would be completely pointless if a backup needs to be restored anyway.Given that the FAT32 boot partition is limited in size, other folders and files that are part of the backup will need to be copied manually either to the SD card, if it’s possible to mount it on a host computer, or via SSH with cable or bluetooth connectivity as explained in the following sections.
Choose your unit’s language
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Pwnagotchi displays it’s UI in English by default, but it can speak several other languages! If you’re fine with English, you don’t need to do anything special here.
But if you do want to change what language Pwnagotchi displays its status in, you can change
main.lang
to one of the supported languages:- English(default)
- German
- Italian
- French
- Russian
- Dutch
- Greek
- Swedish
- Macedonian
- Irish
- Japanese (*set ui.font.name to “fonts-japanese-gothic”*)
- Polish
- Portugese
- Portugese (Brazilian)
- Bulgarian
- Ukrainian
- Czech
If you want to contribute a new language (or improve an existing translation!), you can check out the Adding a Language doc for more details.
Set your PwnGrid preferences
By default, the
grid
plugin is only partially enabled. This means that whenever the unit will detect internet connectivity while in MANUAL mode, it will signal its existence to the PwnGrid server by sending ONLY the following enrollment data:- The cryptographic identity of the unit, generated at first boot and used for authentication.
- The output of the
uname -a
command on the unit used to determine the type of hardware.
If you would like your unit to participate in PwnGrid’s community rankings and scoreboards (PwnGrid is like Pokémon Go, but for WiFi!), as well as be a data point in regional (country-level) statistics, you can fully opt-in to PwnGrid by enabling your unit to send the PwnGrid API some basic information about the networks it has pwned. None of your unit’s captured cryptographic material is sent to the PwnGrid server; ONLY the minimum information to enroll the unit in the PwnGrid database (see above) and calculate how many networks it has “conquered” so far, namely:
- The list of networks that the unit collected handshakes of (consisting of their
BSSID
andESSID
).
In order to fully opt-in to PwnGrid, you must make the following change in your
/etc/pwnagotchi/config.toml
file:Even if you have decided to fully opted-in to PwnGrid, you can still disable reporting for specific networks—for instance, if you don’t want your home network to be in the system:
If instead you prefer to completely opt-out by also disabling signaling:
Select your display
If you want to use the web UI (instead of an e-ink display attached to your unit's RPi0W) to see your Pwnagotchi's face, check out the User Interface doc for more details on using the web UI.
Set the type of display you want to use via
ui.display.type
. Project 3.1 mac os. If your display does not work after changing this setting, you might need to completely remove power from the Raspberry Pi and make a clean boot.Currently supported:
waveshare_2
for the V2 version of Waveshare’s ePaper HAT, this is the recommended and officially supported display.waveshare_1
for the V1 legacy version of Waveshare’s ePaper HATwaveshare27inch
for 2.7inch e-Paper HATwaveshare154inch
for 1.54inch e-Paper Module (B)inky
for Pimoroni’s Inky pHAT.papirus
for PaPiRus Zero.oledhat
for Waveshare’s OLED Hat.dfrobot
for DFRobot’s eInk Hat
You can configure the refresh interval of the display via
ui.fps
. We recommend using a slow refresh rate to avoid shortening the lifetime of your e-ink display. The default value is 0
, which will only refresh when changes are made to the screen.First Boot
Your
config.toml
file in the boot
partition of the SD card should now look something like the following (with theright differences if you’re using different hardware):Congratulations! Your SD card is now ready for the first boot! ? ?
Connect to your Pwnagotchi
You can connect to your Pwnagotchi via SSH.
PLEASE NOTE: If you cannot connect to your Pwnagotchi no matter what you try, ensure that the micro-USB you are using allows data transfer and doesn't ONLY provide charge. Cheaper quality micro-USB cords often do not support data transfer and will NOT allow you to actually connect to your Pwnagotchi. :'( Use a quality cord!
- Start by connecting the micro-USB cable to the data port of your Pwnagotchi’s RPi0W, then connect the other end of that cable to your computer.
- If your Pwnagotchi has already been booted up at least once before: after a few seconds, you will see a new Ethernet interface on your host computer.
- If you have never booted your Pwnagotchi before: it will take a few minutes to boot up &/or become visible or responsive. DO NOT INTERRUPT YOUR PWNAGOTCHI DURING THIS PROCESS. That extra time it takes to boot the first time you turn your Pwnagotchi on? It’s because it is generating its RSA keys; if you interrupt this process, the generated keys may be corrupted!
- You’ll need to configure it with a static IP address:
- IP:
10.0.0.1
- Netmask:
255.255.255.0
- Gateway:
10.0.0.1
- DNS (if required):
8.8.8.8
(or whatever)
- IP:
- If everything’s been configured properly, you will now be able to
ping
either10.0.0.2
orpwnagotchi.local
- If you have already configured the name of your Pwnagotchi,
pwnagotchi.local
won’t work. Instead, try your unit’s hostname +.local
.
- If you have already configured the name of your Pwnagotchi,
- Congratulations! You should now be able to connect to your unit using SSH:
Connecting to Pi0w with MicroUSB cable on Linux Host
DEV NOTE: These are directions for the recommended hardware, a Pi0w - and connecting to it from a Linux based host via a Micro-USB through the data port. This was written while connecting to a Pi0w with a Data Capable MicroUSB to a Macbook Pro late 2012 running Ubuntu 19.04. It will also work on Lenovo's running Ubuntu 19.04 and 19.10. We can not guarantee these specific directions work on any other OS.
Pre-Face
- If you have any wired interfaces on your host PC, you will need to remove them from Network Manager so we can be sure you have everything set correctly, on the correct interface.
- If you are using Wi-Fi on your host computer, you need to be certain that your routers IP address scheme is not in the
10.0.0.1/24
range. If it is, you should turn Wi-Fi off initially to best troubleshoot your connectivity issues, then change the interface IP scheme on your Pi once you canssh
to it. - These settings are only verified to work on, 1.a Pi0w, with a 2.MicroUSB data capable cable,3. the newest released image found on our Githubwhich at the time of writing is v1.3.0.
Steps to complete on your host (the pc that you are connecting the Pi to)
- First, type
ifconfig
to check and take note of the names of your current interfaces, and what is now recognized as an adapter on your system. Take note of the Mac Addresses that you see in this output. - Starting with a clean slate in your Network Manager (remove all wired interface profiles that you have on your Network Manager,) plug your unpowered Pi0w into your computer through the data port seen in the picture shown above .
- Wait until your Pi boots into Manu mode. Once you see the breakdown that Pwnagotchi does when in MANU mode, type
ifconfig
again on your host machine and look for a new interface that was not there during Step 1.(Take EXTRA note of the new interfaces mac address, I will be referencing this mac address on multiple occasions as Step 3.)- If you have never booted your Pwnagotchi before: it will take a few minutes to boot up &/or become visible or responsive. DO NOT INTERRUPT YOUR PWNAGOTCHI DURING THIS PROCESS. That extra time it takes to boot the first time you turn your Pwnagotchi on? It’s because it is generating its RSA keys; if you interrupt this process, the generated keys may be corrupted!
- On Network Manager on your PC/Host, (if there are no interfaces automatically added, you can attempt to add a new interface by selecting the mac address noted in Step 3 for the interface profile) select Settings > IPv4 and then change from
automatic
tomanual
, then for your address, you’ll need to configure it with a static IP address and then press apply in the top right:- IP:
10.0.0.1
- Netmask:
255.255.255.0
- DNS (If Required):
8.8.8.8
(or whatever)
- IP:
- Back in your terminal, type
ifconfig
and look for the interface that you found in Step 3, and that you edited the settings for in Step 4. If you see the following on the second line of the interface that matches the mac address from Step 3, you should now be able to enterping 10.0.0.2
and receive a response from your pi.
- Congratulations! You should now be able to connect to your unit using SSH:
TIP: you may need to use the `linux_connection_share.sh` script before your PC will allow you to ssh to your Pi. [Host connection sharing](/configuration/#host-connection-sharing)
DEV NOTE: if you have some issues, either you are using the wrong cord, or your Operating System is missing required drivers, or something mostly out of our control. We can't help everyone with their networking, sorry
About your SSH connection
The default password is
raspberry
; you should change it as soon as you log in for the first time by issuing the passwd
command and selecting a new and more complex passphrase.If you want to login directly without entering a password (recommended and necessary for certain packaged scripts to work, like
backup.sh
for instance!), copy your SSH public key to the unit’s authorized keys:Host connection sharing
Want to be able to update your Pwnagotchi and access things from the internet on it? Sure you do!
- Connect to the Pwnagotchi unit via
usb0
(A.K.A., using the data port). - Run the appropriate connection sharing script to bring the interface up on your end and share internet connectivity from another interface:
OS | Script Location | Link |
---|---|---|
Linux | scripts/linux_connection_share.sh | link |
Mac OS X | scripts/macos_connection_share.sh | link |
Windows | scripts/win_connection_share.ps1 | link |
Bluetooth
If you want to upload your handshakes while walking, want to use your smartphone as a display or simply shutdown your pwnagotchi gracefully, you can use the
bt-tether
-plugin.Make sure to explicitly enable Bluetooth Tethering on your Phone (usually in Settings -> Hotspot or similar) before pairing. Otherwise your Pwnagotchi will pair with your phone but you won't be able to create a Personal Area Network (PAN) even if you enable it after.
Now in pwnagotchi’s
config.toml
add the following:The legacy configuration (without the `devices` key) is still supported, but should be converted as soon as possible.
Your pwnagotchi will indicate the status via a little
BT
symbol at the top of the screen.The status codes are:- C Connected: This means the connection to the device has been established.
- NF Not found: This means the connection to the device could not be established (probably because it could not be found).
- PE Pairing Error: This error occurs on a pairing problem.
- BE Bnep Error: This error occurs, when the NAP could not be created.
- AE Address Error: The IP could not be assigned to the NAP interface.
If you want to fix these problems, the first step should be to start pwnagotchi with
--debug
andcheck the log file (/var/log/pwnagotchi.log
) for related debug messages. Ascent (jeanrouch) mac os.Known problems
Some users had problems with the auto pairing feature of the plugin (in old versions). If your pwnagotchi should not make an effort to connect to your bluetooth device after a few minutes, there is a chance that this can be fixed by doing the pairing manually. To do this, put your phone in discoverable mode. On your pwnagotchi, run
sudo bluetoothctl
and once in the bluetooth-shell, type scan on
. That will scan the environment for nearby bluetooth devices.Pick the mac of your phone and type pair <mac>
and trust <mac>
. In short time (maybe not immediately)you will be prompted on the phone to allow connection from your pwnagotchi hostname.Sdcard protection
As you may know, sdcards have a limited count of write cycles and can break from time to time. Agood way to prevent this is to minimize the writes to sdcard. Pwnagotchi has the ability to mountcertain directories into memory and only write it back to the sdcard after a certain interval.To activate this functionality, you have to change your config to:
The full configuration of a mount looks like this:
Cached
Encryption
Shit happenz. What if you loose your pwnagotchi? All your data, configuration incl. api-keys, are lost.To prevent the leak of your sensible data, it’s a good idea to encrypt your data.
To do this, we can make use of the dm-crypt subsystem of linux.
How does it work?
Pwnagotchi will look for the file /root/.pwnagotchi-crypted.Every line in this file represents a luks-container that will be decrypted and mounted before pwnagotchi starts.
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Each line must be in the following format:
Example
But how does pwnagotchi decrypts it?
The following will happen do make it possible:
- A hotspot will be started (Name:DECRYPT-ME; Password:pwnagotchi)
- The user will have to connect to this wifi and open a browser (Redirection should work;if not go tohttp://192.168.0.10/).
- Password must be submitted via the following form:
Example: Encrypt the configuration directory
Let’s do this together! やりましょう!
All done configuring your new Pwnagotchi? Time to learn how to take care of your new friend over in Usage!
Pwnagotchi - Deep Reinforcement Learning Instrumenting ..
If your network connection keeps flapping on your device connecting to your Pwnagotchi:* Check if
usb0
(or equivalent) device is being controlled by NetworkManager.* You can check this via nmcli dev status
.* If you are having trouble connecting to your Pi via USB, be sure you are using a microUSB cord that is capable of data transfer